What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
ALS is the most common form of motor neurone disease. It affects how messages are sent from the brain along the nerves to the muscles.
Without signals from the brain, the muscles gradually weaken and waste away.
The condition worsens over time and, eventually, the muscles stop working. At present, there is no cure.
What causes ALS?
ALS is caused by the gradual degeneration of motor neurones, which run from the brain and spinal cord and control body movement.
The exact cause is not fully understood, but genetic mutations have been identified in some cases. ALS has also been linked to smoking and exposure to certain toxins.
What are the symptoms of ALS?
Symptoms of ALS can begin with any of the following:
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- Stiffness and weakness in the limbs, causing falls and trouble gripping things
- Twitches and muscle spasms
- Cramping and muscle pain
As the condition progresses, a person may:
- Have difficulty swallowing, speaking and breathing
- Lose the ability to walk and eventually move
- Experience mood and personality disturbance
The time it takes the condition to progress will vary.
